Routes – part 7. Drogi do celu. cz.7. /Version polish and english/

Other Routes – part 4.

A. Flag of the United States American expedition, led byJames Morissey. October 8, 1983: Lou Reichardt, Kim Momb, and Carlos Buhler reached the Summit via the East or Kangshung face.

B. Flag of the United Kingdom The British West face expedition. May 12, 1988: British Stephen Venables, climbed a line to the left of the 1983 Kangshung Face route. Actually the East Face-South Col-SE Ridge. Venables was the only member of the expedition to reach the Summit.

A – Amerykańska wyprawa J. Morrisseya z 1983r.
B – Brytyjska droga z 1988r.

Amerykańska wyprawa z 1983r kierowana przez Jamesa Morrisseya dokonała pierwszego wejścia wschodnią ścianą, Kangshung, 8 pażdziernika szczyt zdobyli Carlos Buhler, Kim Momb i Louis Reichardt.
Brytyjska droga z1988r. Anglik Stephen Venables dotarł na szczyt 12 maja, po wytyczeniu nowej drogi na ścianie wschodniej wraz z dwoma towarzyszami Edwardem Websterem i Robertem Andersonem, ktorzy niestety zawrócili spod Wierzchołka Południowego.

 

A. Flag of New Zealand Australian expedition, led by Geoffrey Bartram.

October 3, 1984: Australians Tim Macartney-Snape and Greg Mortimer reached the Summit via the North Couloir (North Face to Norton Couloir) without bottled oxygen.

B. Flag of the United States American climber Phil Ershler.

October 20, 1984: Phil Ershler becomes first American to summit the North side of Everest.

Australijska wyprawa z 1984r prowadzona przez Geoffreya Bartrama ; zespół przeszedł Wielki Kuluar ( Kuluar Nortona ) na ścianie północnej, a 3 pażdziernika szczyt osiągneli Tim McCartney-Snape i Greg Mortimer.

Amerykanin Phil Ershler 20 pażdziernika 1984r wytyczył nową drogę biegnącą od północno-wschodniej grani przez ścianę północną na wysokości 7300m i dalej Wielkim Kuluarem.

A – Australijska droga z 1984r.

B – Droga Amerykanina Ershlera z 1984r.

Routes – part 4. Drogi do celu. cz.4. /Version polish and english/

South Col – South East Ridge Route – part 2.

Of the two main routes, the southeast ridge is technically easier and is the more frequently-used route. It was the route used by Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay in 1953 / photo on the right /. With supplemental oxygen, Edmund Hillary of New Zealand and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay made their way to the top via the South Col, that became the most used climbing route to the summit.

In 1953, a ninth British expedition, led by John Hunt, returned to Nepal. Hunt selected two climbing pairs to attempt to reach the summit. The first pair turned back after becoming exhausted high on the mountain. The next day, the expedition made its second and final assault on the summit with its fittest and most determined climbing pair. The summit was eventually reached at 11:30 a.m. local time on May 29, 1953 by the New Zealander Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay from Nepal climbing the South Col Route. At the time, both acknowledged it as a team effort by the whole expedition, but Tenzing revealed a few years later that Hillary had put his foot on the summit first. They paused at the summit to take photographs and buried a few sweets and a small cross in the snow before descending. News of the expedition’s success reached London on the morning of Queen Elizabeth II’s coronation. Returning to Kathmandu a few days later, Hillary and Hunt discovered that they had been promptly knighted for their effort.

Mapka wyżej przedstawia drogę Edmunda Hilary’ego i Szerpy Tenzinga Norgaya :

Droga Edmunda Hilary’ego i Szerpy Tenzinga Norgaya, droga pierwszego udanego wejścia na szczyt z 29 maja 1953r., zwana też drogą klasyczną, a czasami ” łatwą” , ale to pozory bo wszak wiadomo, że w Wysokich Górach nic nie jest łatwe.
W tej pamiętnej wyprawie brało udział 10 Europejczyków i 39 Szerpów, a ciekawostka jest fakt, że tamta historyczna wyprawa założyła aż 9 obozów, obecnie zakłada się jedynie : obóz bazowy – zwany też BC i cztary obozy wyższe, czyli razem 5. Droga na szczyt wiodła wtedy od obozu I (5400m) na lodowcu Khumbu (obecnie obóz I to właśnie BC ), przez Iceffal z wielkimi i groźnymi szczelinami oraz serakami ( wielu twierdzi, że przejście Iceffalu to loteria o śmierć i życie ), aż do obozu IV (6400m) założonego w bezwietrznym wąwozie, który himalaiści nazwali Dolina Ciszy, a dalej nad Kotłem Zachodnim założono obóz VII (7300m), skąd wspinacze wspinali się na Przełęcz Południową do obozu VIII (7900m), a potem do obozu IX (8500m), stąd nastąpił atak szczytowy granią szczytową poprzez Wierzchołek Południowy i uskok przed szczytem dziś zwany uskokiem Hilary’ego.

Wejście na Everest miało być prezentem koronacyjnym dla Elżbiety II.

Other Routes – part 1.

A – 1953, a ninth British expedition, led by John Hunt, via the South Col, Nepal.

B – On May 19, 1980 Andrzej Czok and Jerzy Kukuczka (on the Polish National Expedition led by Andrezej Zswada) established a new Everest route by following the South Pillar on the right-hand edge of the Southwest Face.

The South Pillar

Another relatively safe route up Everest – if there really is such a thing as a “safe” route on Everest! – is the South Pillar, first climbed in 1980 by Polish super-alpinists Jerzy Kukuczka and Andrzej Czok.

The route has been climbed in it’s entirety a total of 17 times with one fatality. The Polish team spent 16 days establishing the route through the difficult rock barriers towards the top of the route, so many climbers opt to traverse across to the SE Ridge lower down.

28 climbers have traversed over from this route and safely summited. The one fatality that occurred on the complete S Pillar route was Josef Psotka in 1984, who after successfully summiting was killed in a fall, but it was from the Lhotse Face while descending the standard SE Ridge route. So to date there have been no fatalities on the South Pillar itself.

Na zdjęciu czerwone linie pokazują drogi na szczyt.
A- Brytyjska droga z 1953r wiodła m.in. przez Wierzchołek Południowy.
B- Polska droga z 1980r wiodła wzdłuż południowego filara.

Droga polska została wytyczona przez wyprawę kierowaną przez Andrzeja Zawadę, pierwsze wejście południowym filarem, a ściślej miedzy filarem a południowo -wschodnia granią; 19 maja 1980r na szczycie stanęli Jerzy Kukuczka i Andrzej Czok. Ciekawostka jest, że Zawada kierował nieco wcześniej wyprawą zimową. Pamiętna wyprawa i wielki sukces polskich himalaistów, bo po raz pierwszy w zimie, 17 lutego 1980r szczyt Everestu zdobyli Leszek Cichy i Krzysztof Wielicki.
Przypomnę też, że drogą klasyczna, drogą pierwszych zdobywców, szczyt zdobyła też gwiazda TVN – Martyna Wojciechowska, 18 maja 2006r jako trzecia Polka stanęła na Everescie ; posty o wyprawie Martyny są tez na moim drugim blogu w dziale wyprawy , zobacz : Everest dla kazdego.. czy to prawda??, Puja.. dary dla Bogow.

Zapraszam też do oglądania albumu o Everescie, wystarczy kliknąć link : Odkrywanie Everestu

Routes – part 3.Drogi do celu. cz.3. /Version polish and english/

Mt. Everest has two main climbing routes, the southeast ridge from Nepal and the northeast ridge from Tibet, as well as many other less frequently climbed routes /watch the next posts/.

South Col – South East Ridge Route – part 1.

Of the two main routes, the southeast ridge is technically easier and is the more frequently-used route. It was the route used by Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay in 1953 / photo on the right /. With supplemental oxygen, Edmund Hillary of New Zealand and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay made their way to the top via the South Col, that became the most used climbing route to the summit. May 29, 1953: First Summit !!!!
 In a present time the ascent via the southeast ridge begins with a trek to Base Camp at 5,380 m (17,600 ft) on the south side of Everest in Nepal. Expeditions usually fly into Lukla (2,860 m) from Kathmandu and pass through Namche Bazaar. Climbers then hike to Base Camp, which usually takes six to eight days, allowing for proper altitude acclimatization in order to prevent altitude sickness. Climbing equipment and supplies are carried by yaks, dzopkyos (yak hybrids) and human porters to Base Camp on the Khumbu Glacier. When Hillary and Tenzing climbed Everest in 1953, they started from Kathmandu Valley, as there were no roads further east at that time.

Climbers will spend a couple of weeks in Base Camp, acclimatizing to the altitude. During that time, Sherpas and some expedition climbers will set up ropes and ladders in the treacherous Khumbu Icefall. Seracs, crevasses and shifting blocks of ice make the icefall one of the most dangerous sections of the route. Many climbers and Sherpas have been killed in this section. To reduce the hazard, climbers will usually begin their ascent well before dawn when the freezing temperatures glue ice blocks in place. Above the icefall is Camp I at 6,065 m (19,900 ft).

From Camp I, climbers make their way up the Western Cwm to the base of the Lhotse face, where Camp II or Advanced Base Camp (ABC) is established at 6,500 m (21,300 ft). The Western Cwm is a relatively flat, gently rising glacial valley, marked by huge lateral crevasses in the centre which prevent direct access to the upper reaches of the Cwm. Climbers are forced to cross on the far right near the base of Nuptse to a small passageway known as the “Nuptse corner”. The Western Cwm is also called the “Valley of Silence” as the topography of the area generally cuts off wind from the climbing route. The high altitude and a clear, windless day can make the Western Cwm unbearably hot for climbers.

 

From ABC, climbers ascend the Lhotse face on fixed ropes up to Camp III, located on a small ledge at 7,470 m (24,500 ft). From there, it is another 500 metres to Camp IV on the South Col at 7,920 m (26,000 ft). From Camp III to Camp IV, climbers are faced with two additional challenges: The Geneva Spur and The Yellow Band. The Geneva Spur is an anvil shaped rib of black rock named by a 1952 Swiss expedition. Fixed ropes assist climbers in scrambling over this snow covered rock band. The Yellow Band is a section of interlayered marble, phyllite, and semischist which also requires about 100 metres of rope for traversing it.

On the South Col, climbers enter the death zone.  / photo on the right – Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay on the South Col/

Climbers typically only have a maximum of two or three days they can endure at this altitude for making summit bids. Clear weather and low winds are critical factors in deciding whether to make a summit attempt. If weather does not cooperate within these short few days, climbers are forced to descend, many all the way back down to Base Camp.

From Camp IV, climbers will begin their summit push around midnight with hop es of reaching the summit (still another 1,000 metres above) within 10 to 12 hours. Climbers will first reach “The Balcony” at 8,400 m (27,700 ft), a small platform where they can rest and gaze at peaks to the south and east in the early dawn light. Continuing up the ridge, climbers are then faced with a series of imposing rock steps which usually forces them to the east into waist deep snow, a serious avalanche hazard. At 8,750 m (28,700 ft), a small table-sized dome of ice and snow marks the South Summit.

From the South Summit, climbers follow the knife-edge southeast ridge along what is known as the “Cornice traverse” where snow clings to intermittent rock. This is the most exposed section of the climb as a misstep to the left would send one 2,400 m (8,000 ft) down the southwest face while to the immediate right is the 3,050 m (10,000 ft) Kangshung face.

At the end of this traverse is an imposing 12 m (40 ft) rock wall called the “Hillary Step” at 8,760 m (28,750 ft).

Hillary and Tenzing were the first climbers to ascend this step and they did it with primitive ice climbing equipment and without fixed ropes. Nowadays, climbers will ascend this step using fixed ropes previously set up by Sherpas. Once above the step, it is a comparatively easy climb to the top on moderately angled snow slopes – though the exposure on the ridge is extreme especially while traversing very large cornices of snow.

After the Hillary Step, climbers also must traverse a very loose and rocky section that has a very large entanglement of fixed ropes that can be troublesome in bad weather. Climbers will typically spend less than a half-hour on “top of the world” as they realize the need to descend to Camp IV before darkness sets in, afternoon weather becomes a serious problem, or supplemental oxygen tanks run out.

*photo on the right -Tenzing Norgay summit Everest – May 29, 1953 r.

Droga pierwszych zdobywców Everestu.

Mapka na początku pokazuje drogę jaką pokonali na szczyt jego pierwsi zdobywcy Edmund Hillary i Tenzing Norgay 29 maja 1953 r. Po wielu latach nieudanych prób od północnej , tybetańskiej strony udało się zdobyć Everest od strony Nepalu.
Ta droga na szczyt nazywana jest do dziś drogą klasyczną i w opinii wielu himalaistów jest ona jedną z łatiejszych dróg na szczyt, choć należy pamiętać, że na Everescie NIC nie jest łatwe.
Przypomina o tym książka Wszystko za Everest – Jona Krakauera, w której autor opisuje wielką tragedię jaka wydażyła się na Everescie właśnie na wyprawie chcącej zdobyć Everest od srony Nepalu, kiedy to zgineli tak sławni i doświadczeni himalaiści jak : Scott Fischer i Rob Hall
Drogą tą zdobyła szczyt m.in. Martyna Wojciechowska o czym można przeczytać klikając na link : Everest dla kazdego.. czy to prawda?

Polskie wejścia to :

  • Pierwszym Polakiem na szczycie Everestu była Wanda Rutkiewicz, zdobyła go jako pierwsza Europejka i trzecia kobieta na świecie 16 października 1978 roku.

A view of Everest southeast ridge base camp. The Khumbu Icefall can be seen in the left. In the center are the remains of a helicopter that crashed in 2003.


A view of Everest southeast ridge base camp.
The Khumbu Icefall can be seen in the left.
In the center are the remains of a helicopter that crashed in 2003.

Routes – part 1.Drogi do celu. cz.1. /Version polish and english/

From 1921 to 1938 all the British attempts were made via the North Col – North East Ridge route from Tibet.

South East & North East Routes

After the Second World War all routes to Mount Everest were forbidden and closed. In 1951 China occupied Tibet, the Chinese stopped all foreign travellers from gaining access to Everest from the traditional route. The British turned there sights to the South Side in Nepal. Permission was granted, which eventually led to the successful 1953 Expedition.

Today, you can reach Mount Everest from both Tibet and Nepal. They both welcome climbers and visitors from all over the world.

The two normal routes to climb Mount Everest are the South Col – South East Ridge from Nepal and the North Col – North East Ridge from Tibet. There are other routes that will get you to the summit of Everest, although these are not very often used now a days.

Other Routes

West Ridge Hornbein Couloir, South West Face, West Ridge Direct, Japanese Couloir, South Pillar, South West Pillar, North East Ridge – North Face – Norton Couloir 1, North East Ridge – North Face – Norton Couloir 2, East Face American Butress, The Great Couloir, West Ridge from Tibet – Hornbein Couloir, East Face – South Col, Below North Col – North Face – Norton Couloir, The Complete North East Ridge, North – North East Direct, Central North Face Direct.

Drogi na szczyt Everestu.

Mapa satelitarna przedstawia drogi jakimi zdobywano szczyt Everestu. Są wśród nich i te “łatwiejsze” i trudniejsze oraz te związane ze zła sławą, jak np. droga polskiej wyprawy z maja 1989r gdy zdobycie szczytu opłacono tragiczna śmiercią 5-ciu himalaistów, a tylko zdobywca szczytu A. Marciniak zdołał ocaleć po bezprecedensowej akcji ratunkowej jaką poprowadził Artur Hajzer, zobacz posty : Akcja ratunkowa na Mt. Everest1989r . O wyprawie tej napisano książek : “Dosięgnąć Everestu” -Dorota Kobierowska. Zawsze należy pamiętać że żadna droga, nawet uważana za łatwa, nie gwarantuje zdobycia szczytu, a czasem może skończyć sie tragedią, o takiej pisze Jon Krakauer w książce “Wszystko za Everest”

Inna bardzo ciekawa mapę można znaleźć na… http://www.mounteverest.net/page/gearandstuff.htm

Kolejny post pokaże drogi jakimi zdobywano Everest , zapraszam serdecznie.